Electric motors are used in almost every mechanical movement done around you. In just about every sector of the industry, from heavy industry to the service sector, electric motors play a critical role. You’ll find them in your house as well as in most electric appliances. If you look around your house, you’ll find that it is filled with electric motors.
Every motor has two essential parts namely the field winding & the armature winding. A field winding is used to create a fixed magnetic field and an armature winding looks like a conductor placed within the magnetic field. Since magnetic fields are produced by armatures, the armature winding uses energy to produce an adequate torque for rotation. The motor can be classified based on its connections, which means how the two coils get wired together.
There are a variety of types of Electric motors available in the market, and these can be selected based on voltage, operation, and applications.
The different applications of electric motors are classified into three categories: AC motors, DC motors, and special purpose motors.
1) DC MOTORS
DC motors are electrical motors that convert direct current (DC) electrical energy into mechanical energy. DC motors can be subcategorized as brushed or brushless. The brushed motors are further classified as shunt wound, series wound, PMDS, and compound wound. This category uses a configuration of wound wire coils as the rotor, also called an armature, acted upon by a permanent magnet. Whereas brushless motors utilize a permanent magnet as their rotor.
DC SHUNT MOTOR: DC shunt motor works on DC and the windings of this electric motor like armature windings and field windings are linked in parallel. This kind of motor is also called a shunt wound DC motor, where the winding type is known as a shunt winding.
SEPARATELY EXCITED MOTOR: In a separately excited motor, the connection of stator and rotor can be done using a different power supply. This enables the motor to be controlled from the shunt and its windings can be strengthened to generate flux.
DC SERIES MOTOR:
The configuration of a DC series motor, or series wound self – excited DC motor, is the opposite of DC shunt motor. The entire armature current flows in series with field winding. Series DC motors are best applicable where high starting torque is required, and speed variations are possible.
PMDC: Permanent Magnet DC motor is one kind of DC motor which can be built with a permanent magnet to make the magnetic field necessary for the electric motor operation. PMDC motors are employed where speed control is not applicable.
DC COMPOUND MOTOR: A DC compound motor contain filed windings connected both in series and in parallel to the armature winding. It combines the operational characteristics of shunt and series DC motors, hence making it stable for all applications.
2) AC MOTOR
There are 3 types of ac motors: synchronous motor, asynchronous motor and induction motor.
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR : The working of synchronous motors depends primarily on the supplied frequency and magnetic field. The field current in the stator rotates the armature at a stable speed synchronized with the AC frequency, here by constituting its high speed. Synchronous motors are employed where a precise and constant speed is required. The higher the accuracy level;, the more suitable these motors are for automation and robotics. 3-phase supply. The field current in the stator rotates in a stable speed based on the AC frequency. As well as the direction of rotation of the rotor depends on the similar speed of the stator current. The higher the accuracy level, the more suitable these motors are for automation and robotics.
INDUCTION MOTOR: The motor running at an asynchronous speed has the speed of the rotor lower than the corresponding magnitude of the magnetic field. This type of motor is known as an electro magnetic induction to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The rotor construction of these motors is based on two different designs: is known as an induction motor, and it’s alternately known as an asynchronous motor. An induction motor uses electromagnetic induction for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The rotor construction of these motors is based on two different designs, the squirrel cage and phase wound. Induction motors are the most commonly used motors as they have a simple construction and high efficiency.
3) SPECIAL PURPOSE MOTOR
The types of special purpose motors include linear induction motor and stepper motor.
STEPPER MOTOR: The stepper motor is a type of motor that offers step angle revolution, which is an alternative to stable revolution. In general, for any rotor, the whole revolution angle is 180 degrees. Stepper motors are widely used in plotters, circuit fabrication, process control tools, and other devices.
BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR: Brushless DC motors are good for applications which demand high performance within a limited space, better than the brushed DC and this is why they were first developed. These motors are less effective when compared with AC models. To facilitate the magnetic process within the lack of a commutator and a slip ring, an embedded controller is used.
HYSTERESIS MOTOR: Hysteresis motors are synchronous motors whose principle is based on hysteresis loss. This motor’s rotor can generate torque with the effect of eddy currents and hysteresis . These motors provide a stable and smooth process, similar to other synchronous motors, and are used in noiseless operation environment.
RELUCTANCE MOTOR: A reluctance motor is a type of single-phase synchronous motor, and this construction is quite similar with induction motor like cage type. The rotor of the motor is like a squirrel cage, and the stator includes sets of windings such as auxiliary and main windings. At the beginning of the motor’s operation, auxiliary winding creates the starting torque. It offers stable speed and level operation. These motors are commonly used in synchronization applications which include signal generators, recorders, etc.
UNIVERSAL MOTOR: This is a special kind of motor that works on single AC supply or DC supply. These motors are designed for high speed operation above 3500 rpm. They utilize alternating current at high-speed operation above 3500 rpm. They utilize alternating current at high – speed and direct current of similar voltage. There are different types of motors and their purpose is to be used in notion control applications.
Electric motors are used in a variety of applications such as:
Almost everything that moves uses an electric motor to accomplish its movement.
Electric motors are used in almost every mechanical movement done around you. Electric
motors are used in nearly every industry, from heavy industry to the service sector. You’ll find
them in your house as well as in most electric appliances. If you look around your house,
you’ll find that it is filled with electric motors.
Every motor has two major parts, namely the stator and the rotor. The stator is the stationary part
that usually consists of electromagnets or permanent magnets that create the magnetic field. The
moving part is known as the rotor, which is placed within the field and rotates to deliver the
needed mechanical power. Since magnetic fields are produced by stator winding, the rotor uses
this energy to produce an adequate torque for rotation.
There are various electric motors available, and these can be selected based on their voltage,
power, speed, and applications.
Types of motors
Electric motors are classified into three categories: DC motors, AC motors, and special purpose
motors.
RPM supply from major global brands like ABB , Siemens, Brook Crompton, Weg etc
Want to know how Electric motors can optimize your productivity?
share your challenges with us.As we know, an electric motor plays a vital role in every sector of the industry, and also in a wide range of applications. There are a variety of types of electric motors are available in the market. The selection of these motors can be done based on the operation and voltage and applications. Every motor has two essential parts namely the field winding & the armature winding. The main function of field winding is to produce the fixed magnetic field, whereas the armature winding looks like a conductor which is arranged within the magnetic field. Because of the magnetic field, the armature winding uses energy to generate an adequate torque to make the motor shaft turn. Currently, the classification of the DC motor can be done based on the winding connections, which means how the two coils in the motor are connected with each other.
The types of Electric motors are available in three main segments like AC motor, DC motor, & special purpose motors.
The types of dc motors mainly include Series, Shunt, and Compound wound & PMDC Motor.
DC shunt motor works on DC and the windings of this electric motor like the armature windings and field windings are linked in parallel which is known as a shunt. This kind of motor is also called as shunt wound DC motor, where the winding type is known as a shunt winding. Please refer to this link to know more about DC shunt motor working and applications
In separately excited motor, the connection of stator and rotor can be done using a different power supply. So that the motor can be controlled from the shunt and the armatures winding can be strengthened to generate flux.
In DC series motor, rotor windings are connected in series. The operation principle of this electric motor mainly depends on a simple electromagnetic law. This law states that whenever a magnetic field can be formed around conductor & interacts with an external field to generate the rotational motion. These motors are mainly used in starter motors which are used in elevators and cars. Please refer to this link to know more about DC series motor working & its applications
Please refer to this link to know more about DC MOTOR – Basics, Types & Application
The term PMDC stands for “Permanent Magnet DC motor”. It is one kind of DC motor which can be inbuilt with a permanent magnet to make the magnetic field necessary for the electric motor operation. Please refer to this link to know more about PMDC Motor: Construction, Working, and Applications
Generally, DC compound motor is a hybrid component of DC series and shunt motors. In this type of motor, both the fields like series and shunt are present. In this type of electric motor, the stator and rotor can be connected to each other through a series & shunt windings compound. The series winding can be designed with few windings of wide copper wires, which gives a small resistance path. The shunt winding can be designed with multiple windings of copper wire to get the full i/p voltage.
The types of ac motors mainly include synchronous, asynchronous, induction motor.
The working of the synchronous motor mainly depends on the 3-phase supply. The stator in the electric motor generates the field current which rotates in a stable speed based on the AC frequency. As well as the rotor depends on the similar speed of the stator current. There is no air gap among the speed of stator current and rotor. When the rotation accuracy level is high, then these motors are applicable in automation, robotics, etc. Please refer to this link to know more about synchronous motor types and applications.
The electric motor which runs asynchronous speed is known as induction motor, and an alternate name of this motor is the asynchronous motor. Induction motor mainly uses electromagnetic induction for changing the energy from electric to mechanical. Based on the rotor construction, these motors are classified into two types namely squirrel cage & phase wound. Please refer to this link to know more about induction motor types and advantages
The special purpose motors mainly include servo motor, stepper motor, linear induction motor, etc.
The stepper motor can be used to offer step angle revolution, as an alternative to stable revolution. We know that for any rotor, the whole revolution angle is 180degrees. However, in a stepper motor, the complete revolution angle can be separated in numerous steps like 10 degree X 18 steps. This means, in a total revolution cycle the rotor will go stepwise eighteen times, every time 10 degree. Stepper motors are applicable in plotters, circuit fabrication, process control tools, usual movement generators, etc. Please refer to this link to know more about stepper motor types and its applications
The brushless DC motors were first developed for achieving superior performance within a lesser space than brushed DC motors. These motors are lesser when compared with AC models. A controller is embedded into the electric motor to facilitate the process within the lack of a commutator and a slip ring. Please refer to this link to know more about Brushless DC Motor – Advantages, Applications & Control
The operation of the hysteresis motor is extremely unique. The rotor of this motor can be induced hysteresis and eddy current to generate the required task. The motor working can depend on the construction, 1-phase supply otherwise 3-phase supply. These motors give a very smooth process with stable speed, similar to other synchronous motors. The noise level of this motor is quite small, due to this reason they are applicable in numerous complicated applications wherever the soundproof motor is used such as sound player, audio recorder, etc.
Basically, reluctance motor is a 1-phase synchronous motor & this motor construction is quite same with induction motor like cage type. The rotor in the motor is like squirrel cage type & the stator of the motor include sets of windings such as auxiliary and main winding. The auxiliary winding is very useful at the beginning time of the motor. As they offer a level operation at a stable speed. These motors are commonly used in synchronization applications which include signal generators, recorders, etc.
This is a special kind of motor and this motor works on single AC supply otherwise DC supply. Universal motors are series wound where the field and armature windings are connected in series and thus generates high starting torque. These motors are mainly designed for operating at high-speed above 3500 rpm. They utilize AC supply at low-speed and DC supply of similar voltage. Please refer to this link to know more about Universal Motor
Thus, this is all about types of electric motors. At present, there are different and flexible. The purpose of the motor is whenever a motion control is required, this is the best choice. The motor must support the use and overall act of the system. Here is a question for you, what are special type motors?